refactor: Use node: protocol for built-in Node.js modules

[mdjermanovic]

Prerequisites checklist

• I have read the contributing guidelines.

What is the purpose of this pull request? (put an "X" next to an item)

[ ] Documentation update
[ ] Bug fix (template)
[ ] New rule (template)
[ ] Changes an existing rule (template)
[ ] Add autofix to a rule
[ ] Add a CLI option
[ ] Add something to the core
[x] Other, please explain:

Updates all modules to use node: protocol when requiring built-in Node.js modules.

What changes did you make? (Give an overview)

• Enabled n/prefer-node-protocol rule and let it autofix the whole project.
• Updated a few tests that use proxyquire.
• Updated webpack configuration to support node:.

Is there anything you'd like reviewers to focus on?

When testing whether the new @eslint/config-array package will work when used from eslint, I noticed that the webpack build (part of the browser test) fails with:

ERROR in node:path
Module build failed: UnhandledSchemeError: Reading from "node:path" is not handled by plugins (Unhandled scheme).
Webpack supports "data:" and "file:" URIs by default.
You may need an additional plugin to handle "node:" URIs.

So, the first goal was to make the browser test (and eventually the Playground build on eslint.org) work. Then I switched to node: in a few places in eslint to additionally test the build, and in the end I decided to switch to node: in the entire project.

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[mdjermanovic]

This is a solution recommended in webpack/webpack#13290

[kecrily]

We can definitely use the n/prefer-node-protocol rule at eslint-config-eslint to force the use of the node protocol

[mdjermanovic]

We can definitely use the n/prefer-node-protocol rule at eslint-config-eslint to force the use of the node protocol

Yeah, I enabled that rule in eslint-config-eslint in this PR.

https://github.com/eslint/eslint/pull/18434/files#diff-88a18842266c290a5fbf05c5d2829127c09c342d104e0dbf1ebc239a0a9e53b6

[kecrily]

Sorry for missing it. LGTM

[fasttime]

LGTM, thanks! Leaving open until tomorrow in case someone else wants to review.